The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis sits at the epicenter of this new approach to mental health. Animal models strongly suggest a role for the gut microbiome in anxiety- and trauma-related disorders. The recent, in-depth characterization of the human microbiome spurred a paradigm shift in human health and disease. This review challenges this assumption and suggests that the gut microbiome and its interactome also deserve attention to understand brain disorders and develop innovative treatments and diagnostics in the 21st century. Biological psychiatry research has long focused on the brain in elucidating the neurobiological mechanisms of anxiety- and trauma-related disorders.
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